Instant Recognition: The Genetics of Pitch Perception (1998)

🧬 Study Overview

This study explores the genetic and environmental influences on absolute pitch (AP), the rare ability to identify musical notes without a reference tone. The authors analyze survey data from musicians and investigate whether AP is primarily hereditary or learned through early musical training. Key findings suggest:

  • Genetic Component: A higher prevalence of AP was observed among musicians with family members who also possess the trait.
  • Early Training Impact: AP was more frequent in individuals who started musical training before the age of six.
  • Neurological Implications: The study also mentions potential links between AP and certain cognitive conditions, such as autism and Williams syndrome.

The authors conclude that both genetics and environment play a crucial role in the development of absolute pitch but call for further research to isolate hereditary factors.

📄 Citation

Gregersen, P.K. (1998). Instant Recognition: The Genetics of Pitch Perception. The American Journal of Human Genetics. Available at:
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